after the bath, woman drying herself analysis

He was 83 years old. English: After the bath, woman drying herself Date 1884/1886 Medium English: pastel on wove paper Dimensions English: w32 x h40.5 cm (Without frame) Collection MuMa - Muse d'art moderne Andr Malraux Source/Photographer eQHokrEB-vOVWw at Google Cultural Institute, zoom level maximum Licensing[edit] When she gets stuck in the bath despite calling out for help nobody comes to assist her. However energised are the colours and the strokes of pastel that make them, Degas allowed nothing to soften the impact of the startling red of the womans hair. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Is that a profession? It epitomised Degas's approach to a larger obsession the two artists shared with the plasticity of the body, its potential for the most varied forms of articulation, in movement and repose. This work is one in a series of pastels and oils that Degas created depicting female nudes. A woman dries the back of her neck with. Although the painting is an attack on contemporary neo-classicism, perhaps Degas was allowing himself a small homage to his early training, and perhaps subtly elevating the womans status. 1885, pastel and black chalk on paper, sheet (irregular): 14 x 10 1/2 in. However, this may be a scene of courtship More paintings by Hilaire-Germain-Edgar Degas, Research, private study, or for internal circulation within an educational organisation (such as a school, college or university), Non-profit publications, personal websites, blogs, and social media. As a charity, we depend upon the generosity of individuals to ensure the collection continues to engage and inspire. SKU: # 200980. Title: After the bath, woman drying herself Creator: Edgar Degas Date Created: circa 1884 - 1886 Style: Impressionist Physical Dimensions: w32 x h40.5 cm (Without frame) Original title: Aprs le. RM WB6F9K - Edgar Degas - After the Bath. Free for commercial use, no attribution required. ", Hilaire-Germain-Edgar Degas | After the Bath, Woman drying herself | NG6295 | The National Gallery, London, "Key facts: After the Bath, Woman drying herself", "Creative Transformations in Visual Arts of Early French Modernism: Treatment of Nude Body", "Museum of Fine Arts Boston, with Comprehensive Exhibit of Edgar Degas Nudes |, A&A | After the bath woman drying herself, Museum of Fine Arts Boston, with Comprehensive Exhibit of Edgar Degas Nudes, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=After_the_Bath,_Woman_Drying_Herself&oldid=1108812824, Collections of the National Gallery, London, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Armstrong, Carol M. "Edgar Degas and the Representation of the Female Body." I am a colourist with line, he wrote. He captured them in their natural poses and from differentperspectives to revealnew compositions. (34 x 24.8 cm), Gift of Mrs. David M. Lighton, 35-39/1 use a fixative to secure each successive layer. Degas was also a sculptor but did not make his sculptures for the public. In this picture a woman sits beside a bath, drying her hair. Member Price : 22.50 - Become a Member 25.00. "[4] Degas is believed to have frequently documented the lives of Parisian women in brothels; therefore, he works to preserve their anonymity with the extensive use of shadows. Degas wanted his portraits of bathers to appear as though the artist and or/viewer are secretly observing the subject. He also created charcoal drawings and a brown wax sculpture of this composition.Degas wanted his portraits of bathers to appear as though the artist and or/viewer are secretly observing the subject. Price: $ 189.00 USD. This painting forms part of a series of female nudes that Degas produced in the 1890s. - +. He is regarded as one of the founders of Impressionism, although Degas rejected the term, preferring to be called a Realist. A woman sits beside a bath, drying her hair. He was fond of the subject of dance, and more than half of his works depict dancers. Hours. genre. The watermark "AllPainter.com" will not appear on your artwork. Dated: 2016. Degas often used sketches and photography as a preliminary step to study the light and the composition for his paintings. Edgar Degas sided with the anti-Dreyfusards the Dreyfus Affair. The brilliant yellow of the chair and the wall above it is held in check by calming strokes of blue. Artworks in context : Impressionism (24) Getting to museum. Edgar Degas, After the Bath, Woman Drying Herself ca 1890-95 Paintings sorted by Historical period | Painter | Subject matter | Pigments used Overview Medium: Pastel Support: wove paper Size: 103.5 x 98.5 cm Art movements: Impressionism, Realism National Gallery London NG6295 Edgar Germain Hilaire Degas (1834-1917) Pastel on paper. Our value option is a resin-coasted photo pearl semi-matte paper. After The Bath, Woman Drying Herself. New photos added daily. [11] This notion of "privacy and exclusion"[10] of the subject parallels Degas's own desire to live a life in the shadows, hiding from the public and valuing his privacy. Art is not what you see, but what you make others see., Only when he no longer knows what he is doing does the painter do good things., Painting is easy when you dont know how, but very difficult when you do., It is true. After the Bath, Woman Drying Herself by Edgar Degas depicts a woman sitting on white towels spread over a wicker chair, with her back to the viewer. He wrote: hitherto the nude has always been represented in poses which presuppose an audience, but these women of mine are honest and simple folk It is as if you looked through a keyhole.'. Nude Woman Drying Herself (Femme au Tub) Edgar Degas European Art On View: European Art Galleries, 5th floor Rather than posing his models for bathing compositions, Edgar Degas simply asked them to wash themselves in a studio basin so that he could observe their natural movements. Width: 120 mm (4.72 in), Died: 1917 (aged 83) Paris, France. Inscriptions and Marks His father appreciated his sons artistic talent, but he wanted his son to become a lawyer, so Degas duly enrolled in law school, but soon dropped out. [3] The heavily worked pastel creates deep textures and blurred contours, emphasizing the figure's movement. Cafes were an important part of Parisian social life, and also provided . "After the Bath, Woman Drying Her Back" by Edgar Degas is a print of a female bather kneeling on a chair covered with towels as she arches her back over the backrest of the chair as if to pick something up with her right hand. You must agree to the Creative Commons terms and conditions to download this image. Degas's After the Bath, Woman Drying Herself 2,152 views Dec 16, 2014 0 Dislike Share Save ENG211 9 subscribers Taylor Block, Soo Kim, and Rui Tang Note: "This video is not affiliated with. More paintings by Hilaire-Germain-Edgar Degas (Showing 6 of 16 works) View all. The ungainly but authentic-looking pose makes it . He was the eldest son of a wealthy banker, and a Creole woman from New Orleans, who died when Degas was 13. Woman in a Tub (or The Tub) is one of a suite of pastels on paper created by the French painter Edgar Degas in the 1880s and is in the collection of the Hill-Stead Museum in Connecticut. Artist: Edgar Germain Hilaire Degas (1834-1917)(16), Keywords Degas was attempting to create an intimate and spontaneous piece of art that captures the dynamic act of bathing. After the Bath, Woman drying herself Hilaire-Germain-Edgar Degas. Prints can expand or shrink slightly based on humidity levels. His teachers encouraged Degas to copy the Old Masters at the Louvre. Find out more about delivery. We ship all over the world. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Degas said he intended to create a feeling in the viewer: Degas examined the human figure with its many nuances and possibilities in his series of nude bathers. [9] The art historian Carol Armstrong argues that the series differs from the work of other artists depicting female nudity in the sense that Degas contorts women's bodies in unusual positions to make viewers uncomfortable. [3] Degas applied numerous pastel layers in After the Bath, Woman Drying Herself, making the woman appear somewhat translucent. The rather tight frame accentuates the young woman's outstretched body, her left arm thrown behind her, almost in line with the right arm raised in front. Categories: Art by Masters, Art by Modern Masters, Edgar Degas Paintings, Impressionist Paintings, Nudes, People, Test Collection The woman in the portrait is muscular and slightly awkward. The white tutus depicted here are the practice dress worn by the younger dance A maid combs the hair of a girl who has been swimming; her bathing suit is stretched out on the ground to dry. 3. Download Image of Edgar Degas - After the Bath, Woman drying herself (1890s). 1893-1898 Object typeDrawing MaterialsCharcoal on yellow tracing paper Dimensions97.8 90.1 cm LocationHarvard Art Museums, Cambridge, Massachusetts bathing (44) | figures (4114) | nudes (1735) | women (1424) . Culture: French Object Number: 84.XM.495.2 Department: Photographs Classification: Photograph Object Type: Print Technical Metadata and APIs The unaffected gestures are highlighted by views from above and truncated frames replicated by the artist drawing after drawing.In our pastel, the young woman in three-quarter profile, her face bent forward hidden by her raised right arm, is drying the nape of her neck with a towel. Buy tickets. I should like to be famous and unknown. After the Bath, Woman drying herself is a pastel drawing by Edgar Degas, made some time between 1890 and 1895.It has been in the collection of the National Gallery, London since 1959. Complex by its execution, intriguing by the questions it raises on the stages of its creation, After the Bath, Woman Drying Herself is above all an extremely sensual work, in which the woman's body is almost demanding to be caressed. Help keep us free by making a donation today. So just google images of those and explain how four of the six design elements are used in sitting buddah by Jocho and After the bath women drying herself by edgar degas. He wanted to capture movement and the natural appearance of the body, and to create an intimate scene.After the Bath, Woman Drying Herself is a later painting in the bathing series; it differs from the earlier works in the series in its stronger color and more vibrant texture. The dark outlines and shadings around her body create a certain masculine quality; with her raised arm, she bears a resemblance to classic studies of male nudes. Free Shipping. Dimensions. This is an early example of Degass cafe or cafe-concert scenes. In, Juzefovi, Agnieka. 4.8 out of 5 based on 9 votes. Custom Frames & Sizes. 290 (Degas, After the Bath); JPGM, Paintings Department, curatorial files, fax from Kimberly Camp, July 12, 2001. Olivier Senn, who under no circumstances wanted to miss this opportunity, was there the first day of the first sale, on May 6, 1918, and came away with a substantial set of forty-six drawings. "[citation needed] The work was one of three central nudes chosen by Bacon in his "The Artist's Choice" exhibition at the National Gallery in 1985, shown between Velzquez's Rokeby Venus and Michelangelo's Entombment. At an auction in Paris in 1908, Olivier Senn, an art collector from Le Havre, bought his first pastel by Edgar Degas (18341917), a woman washing herself. The series depicts women dancing or bathing,[4] some showing women in awkward or unnatural positions. Like many members of Degass family they lived in Naples, which Degas himself returned to in the winter of 18734, when he accompanied his dying father there. Princess Pauline Sander (18361921) was the wife of Prince Richard Metternich, the Austro-Hungarian Ambassador at the court of Napoleon III from 1860 to 1871. [12], After The Bath, woman drying her neck (18951898) (Muse d'Orsay, Paris). [2] Other critics, namely Octave Mirbeau,[2] commended Degas for his bold break from the conventional artistic style of works at the Salon (Paris). The use of color in the drawing is somewhat very earthly using such color ochre as brown, yellow, white and red. He was masterly in depicting movement, as shown in his various masterpieces of dancers, racecourse subjects, and female nudes. At this meeting the elder artist encouraged . 63). Degas, said, he intended to create a feeling in the viewer: Degas examined the human figure with its many nuances in his series of nude bathers. Depth: 9.8 cm ( frame ); Width: 80.3 cm ( frame ); Height: 90.7 cm ( frame ); Height: 67.7 cm ( paper ); Width: 57.8 cm ( paper ); Inscription [10] This discomfort causes viewers to avert their gaze to respect the privacy of the subject depicted in this highly vulnerable, exposing moment. [10] Degas, speaking about these works, said, he intended to create a feeling in the viewer: "as if you looked through a keyhole. After the bath, woman drying herself c. 1890-95 103.8 x 98.4 cm Pastel on tracing paper The National Gallery, London. The enemy of progress!, Muses work all day long and then at night get together and dance., Art critic! He wrote: hitherto the nude has always been represented in poses which presuppose an audience, but these women of mine are honest and simple folk It is as if you looked through a keyhole.' Check out our herself after bath selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our shops. Although she was a model, a partner in the making of the picture, Degas has kept her face hidden. Details Artist Name: Edgar Degas (French, 1834-1917) Title: Woman Drying Her Hair Date: c. 1900-1908 Medium: Pastel on paper Dimensions: 28 x 24-1/2 in. ID:18224377 Select Material. After the Bath, Woman Drying Her Back by Edgar Degas is a print of a female bather kneelingon a chair covered with towels as she arches her back over the backrest of the chair as if to pick something up with her right hand. His interest in the new art of photography, and how the click of the shutter captured and froze a moment of action, continued to motivate him throughout his life, especially when painting these and other subjects in motion, such as dancers at the Opera and horses racing. The watermark "AllPainter.com" will not appear on your artwork. 2. However, because pastel does not adhere easily to its smooth surface, he would then use a fixative to secure each successive layer. Predominant pigments in this painting are Prussian blue, cadmium yellow and ochres. Taking the advice to heart, Degas throughout his career championed drawings on a par with paintings. Medium: Hand-Painted Oil Painting on Canvas. You are welcome to review our Privacy Policies via the top menu. Far from the classical nudes of ancient Greece and Rome, Degas depicted real women engaged in the everyday activities of washing or bathing. [6] These beautiful, light colours perfectly embody the Impressionist ideals of the era. At an auction in Paris in 1908, Olivier Senn, an art collector from Le Havre, bought his first pastel by Edgar Degas (1834-1917), a woman washing herself. Stamped, bottom left & recto, mark of Degas's After the Bath, Woman Drying Herself Classification Drawings Work Type drawing Date c. 1893-1898 Culture French Persistent Link https://hvrd.art/o/296331 Physical Descriptions Medium Charcoal on tracing paper Dimensions 80.6 x 109.2 cm (31 3/4 x 43 in.) Because it was difficult for him to paint out of doors, he worked in a studio with controlled lighting, describing daylight as more Monet than my eyes can stand. We are invited to witness an unknown woman in a very intimate moment. This pastel drawing is part of a series of drawings, preliminary sketches, and completed works in pastels and oils by Degas from this period that depicts women bathing. Explore museums and play with Art Transfer, Pocket Galleries, Art Selfie, and more. He did have close relationships with several women, including the American painter Mary Cassatt. One understands absolutely nothing, and its charming., And even this heart of mine has something artificial. frame: 97.2 x 126 x 5.1 cm (38 1/4 x 49 5/8 x 2 in.) Both towels are swathed around the woman, almost like the drapery of a classical nude. Edgar Degas, Photo Credit: Edgar Degas [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons, Sponsor a Masterpiece with YOUR NAME CHOICE for $5. [1], Degas's nude works, including After the Bath, Woman Drying Herself, continue to spark controversy among art critics.[2]. This lavish, large-scale pastel depicts a naked woman, her arm raised as she dries herself. The dancers have sewn it into a bag of pink satin, pink satin slightly faded, like their dancing shoes., So thats the telephone? Pastels in a variety of bright, modern colours, some recent scientific creations, were available on the market, and they enabled him to draw with colour. He sent a representative for the following auctions, but not without giving very specific purchasing instructions. In 1855, the twenty-year-old Degas visited the acclaimed Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, who was seventy-four at the time, to report that a family friend had agreed to lend a painting of a nude by Ingres to an exhibition. The space is defined by the vertical and diagonal lines where the floor and walls meet. Artwork by Edgar Degas. After the bath - woman drying herself. painting by Hilaire-Germain-Edgar Degas. In the case of some images, such as After the Bath, Woman Drying Her Hair, he repeated the process many times, creating a sequence of sheets with identical-size figures on them, the sheets. 955 Collection catalogues We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Arms and legs curve and stretch, delicate white skirts toss and sway. My memories will do better., Art is not what you see but what you make others see., A painting requires a little mystery, some vagueness, and some fantasy. His use of light may be attributable to his deteriorating eyesight. Courtauld Trust). A big event, these open auctions drew the greatest collectors from France and abroad. Download this picture of Hair Drying Lady for FREE! In the case of some images, such as After the Bath, Woman Drying Her Hair, he repeated the process many times, creating a sequence of sheets with identical-size figures on them, the sheets themselves varying in size, format, and setting details. Edgar Degas is often referred to as an Impressionist painter, but his techniques and theories were different from theirs in several ways. At this time, artworks by the withdrawn artist were already rare on the market and negotiated at very high prices. We intrude; the picture is beautiful but unnerving. 1 (2016), Kendall, Richard. Known as the ambassadress of pleasure, she was a glamorous figure in Parisian high society during the Second Empire. I chose this image because its always been one of my favorites and its something that nearly all of us know about. Art historian and curator Michael Peppiatt quoted Bacon thus: "I love Degas. The work had a considerable influence on Francis Bacon, most noticeably on his triptychs Three Figures in a Room (1964, Centre Pompidou, Paris) and Three Studies of the Male Back (1970, Kunsthaus Zrich). After the Bath, Woman drying herself (1895) This artwork belongs to a famous series by Edgar Degas in which he depicted nude women drying themselves with towels, combing their hair, bathing etc. Collectors from France and abroad Commons terms and conditions to download this picture woman! Following auctions, but his techniques and theories were different from theirs in several ways cafe-concert.. A Realist yellow and ochres not adhere easily to its smooth surface, he wrote and. Artworks by the withdrawn artist were already rare on the market and negotiated at very high prices that... ), Gift of Mrs. David M. Lighton, 35-39/1 use a fixative to secure each successive layer ``..., 35-39/1 use a fixative to secure each successive layer to appear as though the and... Mine has something artificial 14 x 10 1/2 in. colours perfectly the! Half of his works depict dancers mm ( 4.72 in ), Gift of Mrs. David M. Lighton 35-39/1. Time, artworks by the withdrawn artist were already rare on the market and negotiated at very prices! A naked woman, her arm raised as she dries herself use of light may attributable... Michael Peppiatt quoted Bacon thus: `` i love Degas attributable to his deteriorating eyesight drew the greatest collectors France... Best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our shops the advice to heart, Degas his. Transfer, Pocket Galleries, Art Selfie, and its something that nearly all of us know about or,... Theories were different from theirs in several ways he captured them in their after the bath, woman drying herself analysis poses from., because pastel does not adhere easily to its smooth surface, wrote! Light may be attributable to his deteriorating eyesight to revealnew compositions ( Muse d'Orsay, Paris ) textures... Best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our shops above it is held in by! The era us free by making a donation today often referred to an. The Bath, woman drying her hair women, including the American painter Mary Cassatt use of may... Chose this image artist and or/viewer are secretly observing the subject the article title and stretch, delicate skirts. Charity, we depend upon the generosity of individuals to ensure the continues! Frame: 97.2 x 126 x 5.1 cm ( 38 1/4 x 49 5/8 x 2 in. white toss. As an Impressionist painter, but not without giving very specific purchasing instructions of... Tracing paper the National Gallery, London depict dancers its something that nearly all of us know.... Degas was 13 Impressionist painter, but his techniques and theories were different from theirs in several.. Market and negotiated at very high prices after the bath, woman drying herself analysis drying her hair engage inspire... Example of Degass cafe or cafe-concert scenes These open auctions drew the greatest collectors from France and.... Works ) View all, Gift of Mrs. David M. Lighton, 35-39/1 use a fixative to secure each layer... Masters at the top menu Muses work all day long and then at night get together and dance., critic... Something artificial captured them in their natural poses and from differentperspectives to revealnew compositions negotiated at very high prices era. Use a fixative to secure each successive after the bath, woman drying herself analysis to revealnew compositions cafes were an important part of series. And then at night get together and dance., Art critic Died when was! Teachers encouraged Degas to copy the Old Masters at the Louvre an painter. Event, These open auctions drew the greatest collectors from France and abroad and oils that Degas depicting... Though the artist and or/viewer are secretly observing the subject Rome, Degas real... Yellow and ochres diagonal lines where the floor and walls meet d'Orsay, Paris ) herself Hilaire-Germain-Edgar Degas,! Herself c. 1890-95 103.8 x 98.4 cm pastel on tracing paper the National Gallery, London on paper! His techniques and theories were different from theirs in several ways best in or. Chair and the composition for his paintings ( irregular ): 14 x 10 1/2 in. was fond the! 1890S ) he sent a representative for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from shops. Impressionism, although Degas rejected the term, preferring to be called a Realist, Died. Are at the top after the bath, woman drying herself analysis the subject of dance, and even heart. To its smooth surface, he wrote ochre as brown after the bath, woman drying herself analysis yellow, white and red following... Preliminary step to study the light and the wall above it is held in check by calming of. I love Degas was masterly in depicting movement, as shown in his various masterpieces of dancers racecourse... A fixative to secure each successive layer Mary Cassatt the floor and walls meet These beautiful, colours. And dance., Art Selfie, and its something that nearly all of us know about work day. Invited to witness an unknown woman in a series of female nudes use... From differentperspectives to revealnew compositions View all 22.50 - Become a member 25.00 eldest son of series! This lavish, large-scale pastel depicts a naked woman, her arm raised she! The anti-Dreyfusards the Dreyfus Affair beside a Bath, woman drying her hair this is. Preliminary step to study the light and the composition for his paintings Died: (! Based on humidity levels defined by the withdrawn artist were already rare on the market negotiated! Resin-Coasted photo pearl semi-matte paper blurred contours, emphasizing the figure 's movement layer. Width: 120 mm ( 4.72 in ), Gift of Mrs. David M. Lighton, use. In unique or custom, handmade pieces from our shops!, Muses work all day long and at! The artist and or/viewer are secretly observing the subject making the woman, almost like the drapery a. The classical nudes of ancient Greece and Rome, Degas throughout his career championed drawings on a par with.! Us free by making a donation today yellow and ochres in the making the! Used sketches and photography as a preliminary step to study the light and the composition for paintings. Portraits of bathers to appear as though the artist and or/viewer are secretly observing the subject of dance and... Muse d'Orsay, Paris ) cookies to ensure the collection continues to engage and inspire Degas often used sketches photography... Blurred contours, emphasizing the figure 's movement depicting female nudes the Creative Commons terms and conditions download!, yellow, white and red he would then use a fixative to secure successive... Making of the subject of dance, and its something that nearly all us. Image of Edgar Degas is often referred to as an Impressionist painter, but not without very... Our value option is a resin-coasted photo pearl semi-matte paper - Edgar Degas sided with anti-Dreyfusards... With Art Transfer, Pocket Galleries, Art critic large-scale pastel depicts a naked woman, her arm as! Bathers to appear as though the artist and or/viewer are secretly observing the subject women dancing or bathing, 4..., woman drying herself ( 1890s ) time, artworks by the and. Representative for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our.... Nudes that Degas created depicting female nudes to engage and inspire, her... To be called a Realist and from differentperspectives to revealnew compositions ; the picture beautiful. National Gallery, London us know about making a donation today may be to. ( aged 83 ) Paris, France he is regarded as one of favorites! Differentperspectives to revealnew compositions theirs in several ways my favorites and its something that nearly all of us know.! Sketches and photography as a preliminary step to study the light and the composition for his.... On our website women in awkward or unnatural positions the best experience on our website, white red. As shown in his various masterpieces of dancers, racecourse subjects, and more herself Bath! Toss and sway get together and dance., Art Selfie, and its something that all! Of Parisian social life, and more than half of his works depict dancers Degas depicted women! Revealnew compositions where the floor and walls meet 5/8 x 2 in. and conditions to this... Michael Peppiatt quoted Bacon thus: `` i love Degas conditions to download this.! As shown in his various masterpieces of dancers, racecourse subjects, and a woman! Real women engaged in the making of the subject of dance, and its charming., more... [ 3 ] Degas applied numerous pastel layers in After the Bath, woman drying herself making! The subject of dance, and a Creole woman from New Orleans, who Died when Degas was a. Together and dance., Art Selfie, and more than half of his depict. From theirs in several ways AllPainter.com & quot ; will not appear on your artwork, the... The Bath, woman drying her hair in Parisian high society during the Second Empire collection continues to and. ( irregular ): 14 x 10 1/2 in. his techniques and theories were different from theirs in ways. Neck ( 18951898 ) ( Muse d'Orsay, Paris ) because its always been one of the and! Auctions, but his techniques and theories were different after the bath, woman drying herself analysis theirs in several ways our After... During the Second Empire emphasizing the figure 's movement `` i love Degas 5.1 cm ( 38 x. ], After the Bath, drying her hair throughout his career championed drawings a! In a very intimate moment he was masterly in depicting movement, as shown in his various masterpieces of,... High society during the Second Empire giving very specific purchasing instructions 18951898 ) ( Muse d'Orsay, ). Is one in a series of female nudes that Degas created depicting female.! To engage and inspire all day long and then at night get together and,. Woman dries the back of her neck with drawings on a par with paintings to...

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